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French writer/philosopher who portrayed the human condition as isolated in an absurd world. He is often associated with existentialism due to his emphasis on the absurdity and arbitrariness of life.

Combining literary clarity with admirable political and philosophical commitment, Albert Camus received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1957 "for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times".

Camus was the second youngest recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature (after Rudyard Kipling) when he became the first African-born writer to receive the award, in 1957. He is also the shortest-lived of any literature laureate to date, having died in a car crash only three years after receiving the award.